What's fun or interesting, where are some updates about the elements?, and About the Elements (incomplete)
[------- To make sense of this make your window at least this wide --------]
S-orbitals P-orbitals
....... .......................
/ + \ Periodic Table / - \
___ of Elements ___ ___
|1 | |1 |2 |
n1| H | 2+ 3- 2-| H | He|
|---|___ Semi- ___ ___ ___ ___ ---+---|
|3 |4 | Metals |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |
n2| Li| Be| \|| B | C | N | O | F | Ne|
|---+---| D-orbitals -.|===+---+---+---+---+---|
|11 |12 | ..................................... |13 |14 |15 |16 |17 |18 |
n3| Na| Mg|/ \| Al| Si| P | S | Cl| Ar|
|---+---|___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___|---+===+---+---+---+---|
|19 |20 |21 |22/|23/|24/|25/|26/|27/|28/|29/|30 |31 |32 |33 |34 |35 |36 |
n4| K | Ca| Sc| Ti| V | Cr| Mn| Fe| Co| Ni| Cu| Zn| Ga| Ge| As| Se| Br| Kr|
|---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+===+---+---+---|
|37 |38 |39 |40 |41 |42 |43 |44 |45 |46/|47 |48 |49 |50/|51/|52 |53 |54 |
n5| Rb| Sr| Y | Zr| Nb| Mo| Tc| Ru| Rh| Pd| Ag| Cd| In| Sn| Sb| Te| I | Xe|
|---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+===+---+---|
|55 |56 |57 |72 |73 |74 |75 |76 |77 |78/|79/|80/|81/|82/|83/|84/|85 |86 |
n6| Cs| Ba| La| Hf| Ta| W | Re| Os| Ir| Pt| Au| Hg| Tl| Pb| Bi| Po| At| Rn|
|---+---+---+---+---+---|~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ === ===
|87 |88 |89 |104|105|106|107|108|109|110|111|112| |114| |116|.-
n7| Fr| Ra| Ac| Rf| Db| Sg| Bh| Hs| Mt| Ds| Rg| Cp| | Fl| | Lv||\
~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~Semi-metals
F-orbitals
Elements with ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
slashes (such as /___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___\
Sn & Sb) are |58 |59 |60 |61 |62 |63/|64 |65 |66 |67 |68 |69 |70 |71 |
transition 3+| Ce| Pr| Nd| Pm| Sm| Eu| Gd| Tb| Dy| Ho| Er| Tm| Yb| Lu|
metals, with |---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
multiple |90 |91 |92/|93 |94/|95 |96 |97 |98 |99 |100|101|102|103|
oxidation | Th| Pa| U | Np| Pu| Am| Cm| Bk| Cf| Es| Fm| Md| No| Lr|
numbers. ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~
Strong ACIDS
HClO4(aq) HCl(aq) Hl(aq) HNO3(aq) Hbr(aq) H2SO4(aq)
Naming ACIDS (and ions)
hydrogen ______ide becomes hydro ___ic acid hydrogen ______ate becomes _________ic acid
hydrogen ______ite becomes ________ous acid
Often used Complex Ions
acetate CH3COO(-) hydrogencarbonate\ HCO3(-)
ammonium NH4(+) bicarbonate /
bromate BrO3(-) chlorate ClO3(-)
carbonate CO3(2-) chromate CrO4(2-)
dichromate Cr2O7(2-) hydrogen OH(-)
iodate IO3(-) nitrate NO3(-)
permanganate MnO4(-) phosphate PO4(3-)
sulfate SO4(2-)
Names of the elements (atomic number, symbol, name)
---------------------
1 H Hydrogen
2 He Helium
3 Li Lithium
4 Be Beryllium
5 B Boron
6 C Carbon
7 N Nitrogen
8 O Oxygen
9 F Fluorine
10 Ne Neon
11 Na Sodium
12 Mg Magnesium
13 Al Aluminum
14 Si Silicon
15 P Phosphorus
16 S Sulfur
17 Cl Chlorine
18 Ar Argon
19 K Potassium
20 Ca Calcium
21 Sc Scandium
22 Ti Titanium
23 V Vanadium
24 Cr Chromium
25 Mn Manganese
26 Fe Iron
27 Co Cobalt
28 Ni Nickel
29 Cu Copper
30 Zn Zinc
31 Ga Gallium
32 Ge Germanium
33 As Arsenic
34 Se Selenium
35 Br Bromine
36 Kr Krypton
37 Rb Rubidium
38 Sr Strontium
39 Y Yttrium
40 Zr Zirconium
41 Nb Niobium
42 Mo Molybdenum
43 Tc Technetium
44 Ru Ruthenium
45 Rh Rhodium
46 Pd Palladium
47 Ag Silver
48 Cd Cadmium
49 In Indium
50 Sn Tin
51 Sb Antimony
52 Te Tellurium
53 I Iodine
54 Xe Xenon
55 Ce Cesium
56 Ba Barium
57 La Lanthanum
58 Ce Cerium
59 Pr Praseodymium
60 Nd Neodymium
61 Pm Promethium
62 Sm Samarium
63 Eu Europium
64 Gd Gadolinium
65 Tb Terbium
66 Dy Dysprosium
67 Ho Holmium
68 Er Erbium
69 Tm Thulium
70 Yb Ytterbium
71 Lu Lutetium
72 Hf Hafnium
73 Ta Tantalum
74 W Tungsten
75 Re Rhenium
76 Os Osmium
77 Ir Iridium
78 Pt Platinum
79 Au Gold
80 Hg Mercury
81 Tl Thallium
82 Pb Lead
83 Bi Bismuth
84 Po Polonium
85 At Astatine
86 Rn Radon
87 Fr Francium
88 Ra Radium
89 Ac Actinium
90 Th Thorium
91 Pa Protactinium
92 U Uranium
93 Np Neptunium
94 Pu Plutonium
95 Am Americium
96 Cm Curium
97 Bk Berkelium
98 Cf Californium
99 Es Einsteinium
100 Fm Fermium
101 Md Mendelevium
102 No Nobelium
103 Lr Lawrencium
104 Rf Rutherfordium
105 Db Dubnium
106 Sg Seaborgium
107 Bh Bohrium
108 Hs Hassium
109 Mt Meitnerium
110 Ds Darmstadtium
111 Rg Roentgenium
112 Cp Copernicium
114 Fl Flerovium
116 Lv Livermorium
Feel free to suggest more links at johnca@ourpla.net.
In the 1960s, Tom Lehrer wrote the Elements Song -- the lyrics are all the elements up to Nobelium, the latest discovery at the time. Here's an immensely amusing animation with Lehrer's song as the soundtrack.
Would you believe, a wooden periodic table with samples of each element included?
If you have new information on one or more elements, please let me know at johnca@ourpla.net.
Namings and claimings proceed - 110 was named Darmstadtium (Ds); 111 has been confirmed and named Roentgenium (Rg). Also, read the latest from IUPAC on elements 112, 114 and 116 and the claimed discovery of elements 113 and 115.
There have been many reports of larger elements. Some are confirmed, some are later retracted or currently uncertain. Read the latest [as of 2002] from IUPAC on elements 110 and beyond.
Full list of elements' names completed, and some news from the February 6, 1999 Science News:
Scientists have produced (not been peer-reviewed as of 1999/2/6) a single atom of a new element, atomic number 114, which lasted 30 seconds before decaying. This is significantly longer than the half lives of other recently discovered elements. Theorists had predicted an island of stability of longer half-life elements among higher atomic numbers, but they weren't sure what number it would start at. [still not solidly confirmed]
Background: Atoms all decay (break down into smaller particles, including very small & energetic particles which we call radiation). The time it takes for half of any number of atoms of a given element to decay is the half-life of that element. Lighter elements (into the 80s/90s) typically have such a long half-life that for most purposes they're permanent. Elements that throw off a significant amount of radiation (from atoms decaying frequently) are considered radioactive. Radioactive elements' half-lives range from fractions of a second to millenia-plus. Until now all recently discovered elements (very heavy - 100s) have had very short half-lives (fractions of a second).
As per a press release I received. Changes: 104 was Rf/Ku and Rf won out. 105 was Ha/Nl and became Db for Dubnium (for the Dubna laboratory). The rest weren't on the chart when I got it. See the press release for more details.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's FAQ on the elements